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1.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 62 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000975

ABSTRACT

A dengue é uma doença febril aguda transmitida pela picada do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Em torno de 40% da população mundial vive em áreas tropicais e subtropicais sob risco de infecção e desenvolvimento da doença. No Brasil, a dengue é uma doença de grande impacto para a saúde pública. Entretanto, poucos estudos de coorte prospectiva foram realizados para estimar a incidência de infecções e para identificar grupos populacionais de maior risco para infecção. Identificar grupos de risco pode ajudar a orientar os programas de prevenção e controle da dengue, de modo a reduzir a carga da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar a soroprevalência e a densidade de incidência e fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados à infecção pelo vírus da dengue em uma comunidade urbana. Um estudo de coorte foi realizado nas comunidades de São Marcos e Pau da Lima, bairros periféricos de Salvador-BA que apresentam infra-estrutura sanitária deficiente. Foram incluídos 2.323 participantes com idade ≥5 anos, residentes em domicílios selecionados aleatoriamente na comunidade. A coorte foi recrutada entre janeiro e junho de 2010 e o seguimento se deu após um ano, entre janeiro e maio de 2011...


Dengue fever is an acute febrile disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Around 40% of the world population lives in tropical and subtropical areas at risk of infection and disease development. In Brazil, dengue is a disease of great impact on public health. However, few prospective cohort studies have been conducted to estimate the incidence of infections and to identify population groups at higher risk for infection. The identification of risk groups can help guide prevention programs and dengue control in order to reduce the burden of disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence density and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with dengue virus infection in an urban community. A cohort study was conducted in the communities of San Marcos and Pau da Lima, outskirts of Salvador-BA who have poor health infrastructure. About 2,323 participants aged ≥ 5 years, residents in households randomly selected in the community were included. The cohort was recruited between January and June 2010 and follow-up occurred after one year, between January and May 2011...


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/complications , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/mortality , Dengue/parasitology , Dengue/pathology , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/transmission
2.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 52(1): 1-13, jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-659195

ABSTRACT

El dengue es la enfermedad viral más importante transmitida por mosquitos a humanos por su alta morbimortalidad y el potencial de diseminación de su vector Aedes aegypti. Además, la falta de una vacuna y medicamentos antivirales específicos, así como el incremento progresivo de las infecciones secundarias y la hiperendemicidad en diferentes países, hacen de esta enfermedad un problema de salud pública. Existen cuatro serotipos del virus del dengue (DENV), dentro de cada serotipo se han descrito varios genotipos, constituidos a su vez por diferentes linajes o clados. La epidemiología molecular combina los análisis filogenéticos de los DENV detectados en un área geográfica, en un tiempo definido, con la información clínica y epidemiológica disponible. El objetivo de estos estudios es tratar de establecer asociaciones entre genotipos o linajes virales con el origen (ancestros), procedencia geográfica, ruta de transmisión viral, severidad de la enfermedad, grupos poblacionales afectados, y la intensidad y extensión de los brotes epidémicos. La epidemiología molecular ha generado información relevante como la etiología del DENV genotipo Asiático en los casos graves de dengue de la epidemia ocurrida en Venezuela en 1989, y la identificación de cambios nucleotídicos puntuales en el genoma viral asociados a propiedades biológicas fundamentales. En la actualidad se hace necesario realizar análisis exhaustivos del genoma viral completo, conjuntamente con el análisis bioinformático, biológico, clínico y epidemiológico de los cuatro serotipos circulantes en los países endémicos, así como instaurar en los laboratorios adscritos a los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica del dengue, la vigilancia molecular para la identificación de genotipos (o linajes) circulantes, lo que contribuiría entre otros aspectos al control efectivo de la enfermedad por DENV.


Dengue is the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes to humans in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is the result of its high morbidity and mortality, the spread potential of the vector Aedes aegypti, the lack of effective vaccines and specific antiviral drugs, the gradual increase in secondary infections and hyperendemicity differences in distinct countries. There are four serotypes of dengue virus which are phylogenetically grouped in genotypes and subdivided in lineages or clades. Molecular epidemiology combines phylogenetic analysis of DENV detected in particular geographic areas within a defined time with the available clinical and epidemiologic information. The objective of these studies is to look for relationships between genotypes or lineages, viral origin, geographical spreading and routes of viral transmission, disease severity, population groups affected, and the intensity, speed and extent of outbreaks. Also, molecular epidemiology has generated relevant information such as the Asian genotype DENV etiology in cases of the severe dengue epidemic in Venezuela in 1989, and the identification of specific nucleotide changes in the viral genome associated with its fundamental biological properties. However, analysis of the complete viral genome, together with bioinformatic, biological, clinical and epidemiological analysis corresponding to the four serotypes circulating in endemic countries should be performed. Molecular surveillance for the identification of genotypes (or strains) circulating should be implemented in the laboratories responsible for the epidemiological surveillance of dengue, which would improve the effective control of DENV.


Subject(s)
Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/parasitology , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/classification , Dengue Virus/physiology , Dengue Virus/immunology , Dengue Virus/pathogenicity , Molecular Epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiology
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135876

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Vector control, using agents of chemical origin, continues to be practiced in the control of vector borne diseases. However, due to some drawbacks including lack of selectivity, environmental contamination, and emergence and spread of vector resistance, development of natural products for vector control has been a priority in this area. In the present study we evaluated the larvicidal and emergence inhibitory activities of a neem based formulation Neem Azal T/S 1.2 per cent EC against the vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue. Method: Larvicidal and emergence inhibition (EI) activity of a neem formulation, NeemAzal T/S 1.2 per cent EC, was studied in the laboratory respectively against early 4th and early 3rd instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti following standard procedures. Results: Among the three vector species studied, An. stephensi was highly susceptible to NeemAzal T/S as revealed by the LC50 and LC90 values (1.92 and 2.76 ppm). The formulation produced an overall mortality or inhibition of emergence of 90 per cent (EI90, when 3rd instar larvae were treated) at 0.046, 0.208 and 0.866 ppm in An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. The corresponding EI50 values were 0.006, 0.048 and 0.249 ppm. On treatment, NeemAzal T/S induced certain morphogenetic abnormalities, broadly characterized in five types, in larvae, pupae and adults of all the three vector species. The percentage of dead specimens of any stage showing morphogenetic abnormalities was the maximum in Cx. quinquefasciatus (14.4%; n=2113) followed by Ae. aegypti. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results indicated that because of its emergence inhibition activity, NeemAzal T/S 1.2 per cent EC could be a promising candidate for the use in integrated vector management programme and replace chemical insecticides.


Subject(s)
Aedes/drug effects , Animals , Anopheles/drug effects , Azadirachta/chemistry , Culex/drug effects , Dengue/parasitology , Filariasis/parasitology , Humans , Insect Vectors/drug effects , Insecticides/pharmacology , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/drug effects , Malaria/parasitology , Morphogenesis/drug effects , Pest Control, Biological , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
4.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2007 Jul; 38(4): 641-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-34411

ABSTRACT

Three new formulations of temephos (LAVIFOS SG 1%, MOSQ SG 1% and AZAI-SS ZG 1%) were evaluated for larvicidal efficacy against larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.) in water-storage jars under field-simulated conditions. LAVIFOS SG 1% and MOSQ SG 1% are sand granule formulations, whereas AZAI-SS ZG 1% is zeolite granule formulation. Each formulation contained 1% temephos as an active ingredient. Each formulation was packed in a non-woven sachet at quantity of 20 g per sachet and placed in a 200-liter glazed clay jar to obtain a dosage of 1 mg/l (one sachet per jar). Each treatment and control (jar without larvicide) was replicated four times. A concurrent set of treatments and controls were carried out in parallel, but the water in each treated and control jars was removed and refilled weekly. All jars (treatment and control) were challenged weekly by adding 25 third-instar larvae per jar and assessment was made of larval mortality by counting pupal skins one week after the addition of larvae. The three formulations provided complete larvicidal efficacy (100%) for at least 24 weeks post-treatment (the length of this study). In the jars where all the water was removed and refilled weekly, LAVIFOS SG 1%, and MOSQ SG 1% provided complete larvicidal efficacy for at least 24 weeks post-treatment, whereas AZAI-SS ZG 1% showed complete larvicidal efficacy for 16 weeks post-treatment. AZAI-SS ZG 1% still demonstrated a high degree of larvicidal activity (93-99%) from 17 to 24 weeks post-treatment. The present study reveals an excellent residual efficacy of the three new formulations of temephos against larvae of Aedes aegypti in water-storage jars lasting for at least 16 to 24 weeks post-treatment. These new formulations will make the control of DHF vectors in Thailand more cost effective as they are removable and retrievable sachets that can be reused after cleaning the water-storage containers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dengue/parasitology , Densovirinae/drug effects , Humans , Insecticides/chemistry , Larva/drug effects , Temefos/chemistry , Thailand , Water/parasitology , Water Supply
5.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2007 Mar; 38(2): 283-93
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-35268

ABSTRACT

A new densovirus was isolated and characterized in laboratory strains of Toxorhynchites splendens. The virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from mosquitoes reared in our laboratory. PCR fragments from each mosquito were compared by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay and found to be indistinguishable. Thus, it is likely the densoviruses from these mosquitoes contain homologous nucleotide sequences. The PCR fragment corresponding to a 451 bp densovirus structural gene segment from each of 5 mosquitoes had 100% identical nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the structural gene sequence suggests the newly isolated densovirus is more closely related to Aedes aegypti densovirus (AaeDNV) than to Aedes albopictus densovirus (AalDNV). Analysis of offspring and predated larvae suggests that vertical and horizontal transmission are responsible for chronic infections in this laboratory strain of Toxorhynchites splendens. The virion DNA is 4.2 kb in size, is closely related to, but distinct from, known densoviruses in the genera Brevidensovirus and Contravirus. Thevirus is tentatively named Toxorhynchites splendens densovirus (TsDNV).


Subject(s)
Animals , Culicidae/classification , DNA, Viral/genetics , Dengue/parasitology , Densovirus/classification , Humans , Larva , Likelihood Functions , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational , Thailand
6.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 58(4): 247-51, abr. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-246891

ABSTRACT

Os autores descrevem um caso (2 olhos) de vasculopatia oclusiva retiniana grave após episódio de dengue e fazem uma revisäo sobre os achados oculares e fisiologia desta doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Dengue/parasitology , Eye/pathology
7.
Salvador; s.n; 1998. 116 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-710692

ABSTRACT

A expansão dos vírus do dengue nas Américas, provocando sucessivas epidemias desta doença reemergente, tem colocado em risco número significativo de pessoas com relação à aquisição do dengue hemorrágico. Entretanto, os estudos soro-­epidemiológicos no Brasil restringiram-se a estudar epidemias do dengue em populações de cidades de grande porte. Objetivos: avaliar, na população de cidade de pequeno porte (Ipupiara) do Estado da Bahia, as repercussões de epidemia pelo dengue ocorrida em 1987. Casuística, Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal. Coleta de material em equipes após a divisão da cidade de Ipupiara em quadras, segundo o mapa da Fundação Nacional de Saúde. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas dos indivíduos nascidos antes de janeiro de 1987 e residentes no município de Ipupiara - Bahia durante a epidemia pelo DEN-1 em 1987, após consentimento verbal e preenchimento de questionário. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-DEN-1 e de outros 18 arbovírus, inclusive o vírus 17D da febre amarela, foi realizada pelo teste de inibição da hemaglutinação (IH). Resultados: Dos 461 indivíduos testados 153 (33,2%) foram soropositivos, para DEN-1 (6,5%), outros arbovírus (2,7%) e 24,0% apresentaram resposta de padrão heterotípico (reações cruzadas) para os arbovírus testados. A sorologia (IH) positiva para DEN-1 foi associada à idade < 40 anos, moradia em região mais central da cidade em 1995, residência na zona urbana em 1987 e história de moradia e viagens prévias para outras regiões do país. Os soropositivos para flavivírus foram associados à idade> 40 anos, história vacinal anti-amarílica, grupos raciais mais claros, moradia na zona mais central da cidade e história de viagens e moradia prévia em outras regiões do país. A história de dengue em 1987 foi estatisticamente significante nos dois grupos soropositivos (anti­DEN-1 e anti-flavivírus). Dos 461 indivíduos pesquisados 117 (25,4%) referiram vacinação para febre amarela. Conclusões: A freqüência de soropositivos para DEN-1 foi baixa (6,5%), podendo ser decorrente da menor expansão de epidemia em cidade de pequeno porte ou porque na época do estudo (1995) os anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação tinham títulos baixos; a freqüência de indivíduos com história vacinal para 17D foi alta (25,4%) e talvez isto explique a maior freqüência de indivíduos com resposta heterotípica para flavivírus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/parasitology , Dengue/blood , Dengue/transmission , Epidemiology/statistics & numerical data , Serum/immunology , Serum/metabolism
8.
Rev. patol. trop ; 25(1): 51-9, jan.-jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-195532

ABSTRACT

Realizaram-se testes biológicos com extrato bruto etanólico (e.b.e.) de Magonia pubescens St. Hill., (tingui-do-cerrado)(Sapindaceae) para verificar a açäo larvicida sobre o Aedes aegypti(Lin.). Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de cada parte da planta: casca do caule, envoltório da semente e semente. Após ter sido coletado, o material foi dessecado em estufa de ar forçado a 40§C, moído, percolado em etanol por 10 dias, filtrado em papel filtro qualitativo, concentrado em evaporador rotativo e dessecado em pistola à vácuo. Após a obtençäo do e.b.e. de cada parte da planta, este foi dissolvido em água, em diferentes concentraçöes e testados com larvas de 4§ estádio de A.aegypti para determinar a DL50, que foi de 35, 55 e 150mg do e.b.e./100ml de água destilada, respectivamente, para semente, envoltório da semente e casca do caule. Cada experimento foi realizado com 20 frascos descartáveis, com capacidade para 30ml, com uma larva em cada um deles e observados por 24 horas. As larvas foram criadas em câmara biológica climatizada a 28ñ1§c, umidade relativa de 80ñ5(pôr cento) e fotofase de 12 horas. Os testes biológicos com os e.b.e. foram realizados em outra câmara, climatizada similarmente. Entre os experimentos realizados, os e.b.e. da semente e seu envoltório, mostraram-se mais eficientes larvicidas do que os e.b.e. da casca do caule


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/virology , Ethane , Dengue/parasitology , Dengue/prevention & control
9.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 1996; 2 (1): 61-67
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-156373

ABSTRACT

Considerable attention has recently been drawn at a global level to the serious threat to humans by the new, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Among the infectious vector-borne diseases, dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, plague, malaria, leishmaniasis, rodent-borne viruses and arboviruses are considered to be persisting, and sometimes re-emerging, with serious threats to human health. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, dengue, malaria and leishmaniasis are the significant vector-borne diseases. This article discusses the role of vectors in the re-emergence of malaria, leishmaniasis and dengue fever and their control


Subject(s)
Malaria/parasitology , Leishmaniasis/parasitology , Dengue/parasitology , Aedes
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